WIP: more careful IF block merger

* Stop testing against `liquid-c`

* Bump to `v5.6.0.rc2`

Gemfile

@@ -23,8 +23,4 @@ group :test do
   gem 'rubocop', '~> 1.61.0'
   gem 'rubocop-shopify', '~> 2.12.0', require: false
   gem 'rubocop-performance', require: false
-
-  platform :mri, :truffleruby do
-    gem 'liquid-c', github: 'Shopify/liquid-c', ref: 'main'
-  end
 end

Rakefile

@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ task :test do
   Rake::Task['base_test'].invoke
 
   if RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby' || RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
-    ENV['LIQUID_C'] = '1'
-
     ENV['LIQUID_PARSER_MODE'] = 'lax'
     Rake::Task['integration_test'].reenable
     Rake::Task['integration_test'].invoke
@@ -83,10 +81,21 @@ namespace :benchmark do
   end
 
   desc "Run unit benchmarks"
-  task :unit do
-    Dir["./performance/unit/*_benchmark.rb"].each do |file|
-      puts "🧪 Running #{file}"
-      ruby file
+  namespace :unit do
+    desc "Run all unit benchmarks"
+    task :all do
+      Dir["./performance/unit/*_benchmark.rb"].each do |file|
+        puts "🧪 Running #{file}"
+        ruby file
+      end
+    end
+
+    %w[lexer loom].each do |benchmark|
+      desc "Run the #{benchmark} benchmark"
+      task benchmark.to_sym do
+        puts "🧪 Running #{benchmark}"
+        ruby "./performance/unit/#{benchmark}_benchmark.rb"
+      end
     end
   end
 end

lib/liquid.rb

@@ -44,15 +44,11 @@ module Liquid
   VariableParser              = /\[(?>[^\[\]]+|\g<0>)*\]|#{VariableSegment}+\??/o
 
   RAISE_EXCEPTION_LAMBDA = ->(_e) { raise }
-
-  singleton_class.send(:attr_accessor, :cache_classes)
-  self.cache_classes = true
 end
 
 require "liquid/version"
 require "liquid/deprecations"
 require "liquid/const"
-require "liquid/template/tag_registry"
 require 'liquid/standardfilters'
 require 'liquid/file_system'
 require 'liquid/parser_switching'
@@ -72,7 +68,6 @@ require 'liquid/extensions'
 require 'liquid/errors'
 require 'liquid/interrupts'
 require 'liquid/strainer_template'
-require 'liquid/strainer_factory'
 require 'liquid/expression'
 require 'liquid/context'
 require 'liquid/tag'
@@ -91,3 +86,4 @@ require 'liquid/partial_cache'
 require 'liquid/usage'
 require 'liquid/registers'
 require 'liquid/template_factory'
+require 'liquid/loom'

lib/liquid/block_body.rb

@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ module Liquid
       end
     end
 
-    def freeze
-      @nodelist.freeze
-      super
-    end
+    # TODO: Freeze the nodelist after optimization
+    # def freeze
+    #   @nodelist.freeze
+    #   super
+    # end
 
     private def parse_for_liquid_tag(tokenizer, parse_context)
       while (token = tokenizer.shift)
@@ -154,6 +155,12 @@ module Liquid
           end
           new_tag = tag.parse(tag_name, markup, tokenizer, parse_context)
           @blank &&= new_tag.blank?
+
+          if parse_context.eager_optimize
+            next if new_tag.nodelist&.all? { !_1.is_a?(String) && _1.nodelist.empty? } # this is an empty block
+            next if new_tag.is_a?(If) && new_tag.blocks.empty? # this is an empty If block
+          end
+
           @nodelist << new_tag
         when token.start_with?(VARSTART)
           whitespace_handler(token, parse_context)

lib/liquid/context.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ module Liquid
 
     # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
     def self.build(environment: Environment.default, environments: {}, outer_scope: {}, registers: {}, rethrow_errors: false, resource_limits: nil, static_environments: {}, &block)
-      new(environments, outer_scope, registers, rethrow_errors, resource_limits, static_environments, &block)
+      new(environments, outer_scope, registers, rethrow_errors, resource_limits, static_environments, environment, &block)
     end
 
     def initialize(environments = {}, outer_scope = {}, registers = {}, rethrow_errors = false, resource_limits = nil, static_environments = {}, environment = Environment.default)
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ module Liquid
       check_overflow
 
       self.class.build(
+        environment: @environment,
         resource_limits: resource_limits,
         static_environments: static_environments,
         registers: Registers.new(registers),

lib/liquid/environment.rb

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module Liquid
       # @return [Environment] The new environment instance.
       def build(tags: nil, file_system: nil, error_mode: nil, exception_renderer: nil)
         ret = new
-        ret.tags = Template::TagRegistry.new(tags) if tags
+        ret.tags = tags if tags
         ret.file_system = file_system if file_system
         ret.error_mode = error_mode if error_mode
         ret.exception_renderer = exception_renderer if exception_renderer
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ module Liquid
     # Initializes a new environment instance.
     # @api private
     def initialize
-      @tags = Template::TagRegistry.new(Tags::STANDARD_TAGS)
+      @tags = Tags::STANDARD_TAGS.dup
       @error_mode = :lax
       @strainer_template = Class.new(StrainerTemplate).tap do |klass|
         klass.add_filter(StandardFilters)

lib/liquid/loom.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Liquid
+  class Loom
+    MERGABLE_IF_OPERATORS = ["==", ">", "<", "!="].freeze
+    EQUAL_OP = "==".freeze
+
+    class << self
+      def optimize(template)
+        new(template).optimize
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize template
+      @root = template.root
+    end
+
+    def optimize
+      merge_if_blocks
+    end
+
+    def merge_if_blocks
+      nodelist_list = [@root.nodelist]
+
+      while nodelist_list.any?
+        next_nodelist_list = []
+
+        nodelist_list.each do |nodelist|
+          i = 0
+          while i < nodelist.length
+            node = nodelist[i]
+            chain_if_blocks(nodelist, node, i) if node.is_a?(If)
+            i += 1
+          end
+        end
+
+        nodelist_list = next_nodelist_list
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def mergable_if_blocks?(target_if, next_if)
+      target_left = target_if.blocks.first.left
+      target_right = target_if.blocks.first.right
+      next_left = next_if.blocks.first.left
+      next_right = next_if.blocks.first.right
+
+      used_variables = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = 0 }
+
+      [
+        target_if.blocks.first.left,
+        target_if.blocks.first.right,
+        next_if.blocks.first.left,
+        next_if.blocks.first.right
+      ].each do |var|
+        if var.is_a?(VariableLookup)
+          used_variables[var.name] += 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      return if used_variables.keys.count > 1
+
+      most_used_variable_name = used_variables.keys[0]
+
+      # TODO: I probably can't do this
+      # It might be possible to get different result between a > b and b < a
+      # Move most commonly used variable to the left side
+      if (target_left.is_a?(VariableLookup) && target_left.name != most_used_variable_name) || (target_right.is_a?(VariableLookup) && target_right.name == most_used_variable_name)
+        target_left, target_right = target_right, target_left
+      end
+
+      if (next_left.is_a?(VariableLookup) && next_left.name != most_used_variable_name) || (next_right.is_a?(VariableLookup) && next_right.name == most_used_variable_name)
+        next_left, next_right = next_right, next_left
+      end
+
+      return false unless target_left.is_a?(VariableLookup) && next_left.is_a?(VariableLookup)
+      return false if target_left.name != next_left.name
+
+      return false if target_right.nil? || next_right.nil?
+
+
+      # we need to be conversative here and only can merge ==, >, <, and != operators
+      target_operator = target_if.blocks.first.operator
+      next_operator = next_if.blocks.first.operator
+
+      return false unless MERGABLE_IF_OPERATORS.include?(target_operator) && MERGABLE_IF_OPERATORS.include?(next_operator)
+
+      return false if target_operator == next_operator && target_right == next_right
+
+      return false if target_right.is_a?(VariableLookup) || next_right.is_a?(VariableLookup)
+
+      true
+    end
+
+    def chain_if_blocks(nodelist, first_if_node, first_if_index)
+      used_variables = Set.new
+
+      # only check the top level Condition (ignore children conditions for now)
+      first_if_node.blocks.each do |condition|
+        used_variables << condition.left
+        used_variables << condition.right if condition.right
+      end
+
+      if_blocks = []
+
+      nodelist[first_if_index + 1..-1].each do |node|
+        break unless node.is_a?(If)
+
+        # check if the variables used in the current block are used in the previous block
+        break unless mergable_if_blocks?(first_if_node, node)
+
+        if_blocks << node
+      end
+
+      nodelist.delete_if { |node| if_blocks.include?(node) }
+
+      if_blocks.each do |if_block|
+        first_if_node.blocks << if_block.blocks.first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/liquid/parse_context.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module Liquid
   class ParseContext
     attr_accessor :locale, :line_number, :trim_whitespace, :depth
-    attr_reader :partial, :warnings, :error_mode, :environment
+    attr_reader :partial, :warnings, :error_mode, :environment, :eager_optimize
 
     def initialize(options = Const::EMPTY_HASH)
       @environment = options.fetch(:environment, Environment.default)
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ module Liquid
 
       @locale   = @template_options[:locale] ||= I18n.new
       @warnings = []
+      @eager_optimize = options.fetch(:eager_optimize, ENV["OPTIMIZE"] == "true")
 
       self.depth   = 0
       self.partial = false

lib/liquid/parse_tree_visitor.rb

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ module Liquid
     protected
 
     def children
-      @node.respond_to?(:nodelist) ? Array(@node.nodelist) : []
+      @node.respond_to?(:nodelist) ? Array(@node.nodelist) : Const::EMPTY_ARRAY
     end
   end
 end

lib/liquid/strainer_factory.rb

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Liquid
-  # StrainerFactory is the factory for the filters system.
-  module StrainerFactory
-    extend self
-
-    def add_global_filter(filter, environment = Environment.default)
-      Deprecations.warn("StrainerFactory.add_global_filter", "Environment#register_filter")
-      environment.register_filter(filter)
-    end
-
-    def create(context, filters = Const::EMPTY_ARRAY, environment = Environment.default)
-      Deprecations.warn("StrainerFactory.create", "StrainerFactory.create_strainer")
-      environment.create_strainer(context, filters)
-    end
-
-    def global_filter_names(environment = Environment.default)
-      Deprecations.warn("StrainerFactory.global_filter_names", "Environment#filter_method_names")
-      Environment.strainer_template.filter_method_names
-    end
-  end
-end

lib/liquid/tags/if.rb

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ module Liquid
     def initialize(tag_name, markup, options)
       super
       @blocks = []
+      @has_else_block = false
       push_block('if', markup)
     end
 
@@ -33,17 +34,44 @@ module Liquid
     def parse(tokens)
       while parse_body(@blocks.last.attachment, tokens)
       end
-      @blocks.reverse_each do |block|
-        block.attachment.remove_blank_strings if blank?
-        block.attachment.freeze
+
+      if parse_context.eager_optimize && definitive_false_statement?
+        @blocks.clear
+      else
+        @blocks.reverse_each do |block|
+          block.attachment.remove_blank_strings if blank?
+          block.attachment.freeze
+        end
       end
     end
 
+    def definitive_false_statement?
+      # check if any blocks have variable lookups
+      @blocks.each do |condition|
+        return false if condition.left.is_a?(VariableLookup) || condition.right&.is_a?(VariableLookup)
+
+        child_condition = condition.child_condition
+
+        while child_condition
+          return false if child_condition&.left.is_a?(VariableLookup) || child_condition&.right&.is_a?(VariableLookup)
+          child_condition = child_condition.child_condition
+        end
+      end
+
+      # check if all blocks are false
+      @blocks.each do |condition|
+        return false if condition.evaluate
+      end
+
+      true
+    end
+
     ELSE_TAG_NAMES = ['elsif', 'else'].freeze
     private_constant :ELSE_TAG_NAMES
 
     def unknown_tag(tag, markup, tokens)
       if ELSE_TAG_NAMES.include?(tag)
+        @has_else_block = true
         push_block(tag, markup)
       else
         super

lib/liquid/template.rb

@@ -82,7 +82,11 @@ module Liquid
       # See Liquid::Profiler for more information
       def parse(source, options = {})
         environment = options[:environment] || Environment.default
-        new(environment: environment).parse(source, options)
+        template = new(environment: environment).parse(source, options)
+
+        Loom.optimize(template) if options[:eager_optimize]
+
+        template
       end
     end
 

lib/liquid/template/tag_registry.rb

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module Liquid
-  class Template
-    class TagRegistry
-      include Enumerable
-
-      def initialize(tags = nil)
-        @tags  = {}
-        @cache = {}
-        tags.each { |tag_name, klass| self[tag_name] = klass }
-        Deprecations.warn("Template::TagRegistry", "Use a Environment instance with zeitwerk")
-      end
-
-      def [](tag_name)
-        return nil unless @tags.key?(tag_name)
-        return @cache[tag_name] if Liquid.cache_classes
-
-        lookup_class(@tags[tag_name]).tap { |o| @cache[tag_name] = o }
-      end
-
-      def delete(tag_name)
-        Deprecations.warn("Template::TagRegistry#delete", "Use a Environment instance with immutable tags")
-        @tags.delete(tag_name)
-        @cache.delete(tag_name)
-      end
-
-      def []=(tag_name, klass)
-        @tags[tag_name]  = klass.name
-        @cache[tag_name] = klass
-      end
-
-      def each(&block)
-        @tags.each(&block)
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def lookup_class(name)
-        Object.const_get(name)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

lib/liquid/variable.rb

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ module Liquid
       @name = parse_context.parse_expression(p.expression)
       while p.consume?(:pipe)
         filtername = p.consume(:id)
-        filterargs = p.consume?(:colon) ? parse_filterargs(p) : []
+        filterargs = p.consume?(:colon) ? parse_filterargs(p) : Const::EMPTY_ARRAY
         @filters << parse_filter_expressions(filtername, filterargs)
       end
       p.consume(:end_of_string)
@@ -95,15 +95,21 @@ module Liquid
 
     def render_to_output_buffer(context, output)
       obj = render(context)
+      render_obj_to_output(obj, output)
+      output
+    end
 
-      if obj.is_a?(Array)
-        output << obj.join
-      elsif obj.nil?
-      else
+    def render_obj_to_output(obj, output)
+      case obj
+      when NilClass
+        # Do nothing
+      when Array
+        obj.each do |o|
+          render_obj_to_output(o, output)
+        end
+      when
         output << obj.to_s
       end
-
-      output
     end
 
     def disabled?(_context)

lib/liquid/version.rb

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Liquid
-  VERSION = "5.6.0.alpha"
+  VERSION = "5.6.0.rc2"
 end

liquid.gemspec

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.summary     = "A secure, non-evaling end user template engine with aesthetic markup."
   s.authors     = ["Tobias Lütke"]
   s.email       = ["[email protected]"]
-  s.homepage    = "http://www.liquidmarkup.org"
+  s.homepage    = "https://shopify.github.io/liquid/"
   s.license     = "MIT"
   # s.description = "A secure, non-evaling end user template engine with aesthetic markup."
 

performance/benchmark.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ require 'benchmark/ips'
 require_relative 'theme_runner'
 
 RubyVM::YJIT.enable if defined?(RubyVM::YJIT)
-Liquid::Template.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
+Liquid::Environment.default.error_mode = ARGV.first.to_sym if ARGV.first
+
 profiler = ThemeRunner.new
 
 Benchmark.ips do |x|

performance/shopify/liquid.rb

@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ require_relative 'shop_filter'
 require_relative 'tag_filter'
 require_relative 'weight_filter'
 
-Liquid::Template.register_tag('paginate', Paginate)
-Liquid::Template.register_tag('form', CommentForm)
+default_environment = Liquid::Environment.default
+default_environment.register_tag('paginate', Paginate)
+default_environment.register_tag('form', CommentForm)
 
-Liquid::Template.register_filter(JsonFilter)
-Liquid::Template.register_filter(MoneyFilter)
-Liquid::Template.register_filter(WeightFilter)
-Liquid::Template.register_filter(ShopFilter)
-Liquid::Template.register_filter(TagFilter)
+default_environment.register_filter(JsonFilter)
+default_environment.register_filter(MoneyFilter)
+default_environment.register_filter(WeightFilter)
+default_environment.register_filter(ShopFilter)
+default_environment.register_filter(TagFilter)

performance/unit/loom_benchmark.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "benchmark/ips"
+require 'liquid'
+
+RubyVM::YJIT.enable
+
+TEMPLATE = <<~LIQUID
+{% if false %}
+  {% for i in (1..1000000) %}
+    {{ "Hello world!" }}
+  {% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% assign result = 1 %}
+{% if foo == 1 %}{% assign result = 1 %}{% endif %}{% if foo == 2 %}{% assign result = 2 %}{% endif %}{% if foo == 3 %}{% assign result = 3 %}{% endif %}
+Result: {{ result }}
+LIQUID
+
+baseline_template = Liquid::Template.parse(TEMPLATE, eager_optimize: false)
+optimized_template = Liquid::Template.parse(TEMPLATE, eager_optimize: true)
+
+[nil, 1, 2, 3].each do |foo|
+  baseline_output = baseline_template.render('foo' => foo)
+  optimized_output = optimized_template.render('foo' => foo)
+
+  if baseline_output != optimized_output
+    puts "WARNING! Baseline and optimized templates render differently for foo=#{foo}"
+    puts "Baseline: #{baseline_output}"
+    puts "Optimized: #{optimized_output}"
+
+    raise
+  end
+end
+
+def render(template, foo)
+  template.render('foo' => foo)
+end
+
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 20, warmup: 3)
+
+  x.report("baseline") do
+    [nil, 1, 2, 3].each do |foo|
+      render(baseline_template, foo)
+    end
+  end
+
+  x.report("optimized") do
+    [nil, 1, 2, 3].each do |foo|
+      render(optimized_template, foo)
+    end
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end

test/integration/context_test.rb

@@ -672,6 +672,21 @@ class ContextTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_includes(result, "unscoped_products_count: 5")
   end
 
+  def test_new_isolated_context_inherits_parent_environment
+    global_environment = Liquid::Environment.build(tags: {})
+    context = Context.build(environment: global_environment)
+
+    subcontext = context.new_isolated_subcontext
+    assert_equal(global_environment, subcontext.environment)
+  end
+
+  def test_newly_built_context_inherits_parent_environment
+    global_environment = Liquid::Environment.build(tags: {})
+    context = Context.build(environment: global_environment)
+    assert_equal(global_environment, context.environment)
+    assert(context.environment.tags.each.to_a.empty?)
+  end
+
   private
 
   def assert_no_object_allocations

test/integration/error_handling_test.rb

@@ -203,20 +203,19 @@ class ErrorHandlingTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_setting_default_exception_renderer
-    old_exception_renderer = Liquid::Template.default_exception_renderer
     exceptions = []
-    Liquid::Template.default_exception_renderer = ->(e) {
+    default_exception_renderer = ->(e) {
       exceptions << e
       ''
     }
-    template = Liquid::Template.parse('This is a runtime error: {{ errors.argument_error }}')
+
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(exception_renderer: default_exception_renderer)
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse('This is a runtime error: {{ errors.argument_error }}', environment: env)
 
     output = template.render('errors' => ErrorDrop.new)
 
     assert_equal('This is a runtime error: ', output)
     assert_equal([Liquid::ArgumentError], template.errors.map(&:class))
-  ensure
-    Liquid::Template.default_exception_renderer = old_exception_renderer if old_exception_renderer
   end
 
   def test_setting_exception_renderer_on_environment

test/integration/profiler_test.rb

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ProfilerTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def setup
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = ProfilingFileSystem.new
+    Liquid::Environment.default.file_system = ProfilingFileSystem.new
   end
 
   def test_template_allows_flagging_profiling

test/integration/tags/include_tag_test.rb

@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ class IncludeTagTest < Minitest::Test
       end
     end
 
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = infinite_file_system.new
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(file_system: infinite_file_system.new)
 
     assert_raises(Liquid::StackLevelError) do
-      Template.parse("{% include 'loop' %}").render!
+      Template.parse("{% include 'loop' %}", environment: env).render!
     end
   end
 
@@ -264,26 +264,27 @@ class IncludeTagTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_does_not_add_error_in_strict_mode_for_missing_variable
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = TestFileSystem.new
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(file_system: TestFileSystem.new)
 
-    a = Liquid::Template.parse(' {% include "nested_template" %}')
+    a = Liquid::Template.parse(' {% include "nested_template" %}', environment: env)
     a.render!
     assert_empty(a.errors)
   end
 
   def test_passing_options_to_included_templates
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = TestFileSystem.new
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(file_system: TestFileSystem.new)
+
     assert_raises(Liquid::SyntaxError) do
-      Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}')
+      Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, environment: env).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}')
     end
     with_error_mode(:lax) do
-      assert_equal('x', Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: true).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}'))
+      assert_equal('x', Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: true, environment: env).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}'))
     end
     assert_raises(Liquid::SyntaxError) do
-      Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: [:locale]).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}')
+      Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: [:locale], environment: env).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}')
     end
     with_error_mode(:lax) do
-      assert_equal('x', Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: [:error_mode]).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}'))
+      assert_equal('x', Template.parse("{% include template %}", error_mode: :strict, include_options_blacklist: [:error_mode], environment: env).render!("template" => '{{ "X" || downcase }}'))
     end
   end
 
@@ -334,8 +335,11 @@ class IncludeTagTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_including_with_strict_variables
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = StubFileSystem.new({ "simple" => "simple" })
-    template = Liquid::Template.parse("{% include 'simple' %}", error_mode: :warn)
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(
+      file_system: StubFileSystem.new('simple' => 'simple'),
+    )
+
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse("{% include 'simple' %}", error_mode: :warn, environment: env)
     template.render(nil, strict_variables: true)
 
     assert_equal([], template.errors)

test/integration/tags/render_tag_test.rb

@@ -82,19 +82,22 @@ class RenderTagTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_recursively_rendered_template_does_not_produce_endless_loop
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = StubFileSystem.new('loop' => '{% render "loop" %}')
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(
+      file_system: StubFileSystem.new('loop' => '{% render "loop" %}'),
+    )
 
     assert_raises(Liquid::StackLevelError) do
-      Template.parse('{% render "loop" %}').render!
+      Template.parse('{% render "loop" %}', environment: env).render!
     end
   end
 
   def test_sub_contexts_count_towards_the_same_recursion_limit
-    Liquid::Template.file_system = StubFileSystem.new(
-      'loop_render' => '{% render "loop_render" %}',
+    env = Liquid::Environment.build(
+      file_system: StubFileSystem.new('loop_render' => '{% render "loop_render" %}'),
     )
+
     assert_raises(Liquid::StackLevelError) do
-      Template.parse('{% render "loop_render" %}').render!
+      Template.parse('{% render "loop_render" %}', environment: env).render!
     end
   end
 

test/integration/variable_test.rb

@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_template_result('bar', '{{ foo }}', { 'foo' => :bar })
   end
 
+  def test_nested_array
+    assert_template_result('', '{{ foo }}', { 'foo' => [[nil]] })
+  end
+
   def test_dynamic_find_var
     assert_template_result('bar', '{{ [key] }}', { 'key' => 'foo', 'foo' => 'bar' })
   end

test/test_helper.rb

@@ -13,12 +13,7 @@ if (env_mode = ENV['LIQUID_PARSER_MODE'])
   puts "-- #{env_mode.upcase} ERROR MODE"
   mode = env_mode.to_sym
 end
-Liquid::Template.error_mode = mode
-
-if ENV['LIQUID_C'] == '1'
-  puts "-- LIQUID C"
-  require 'liquid/c'
-end
+Liquid::Environment.default.error_mode = mode
 
 if Minitest.const_defined?('Test')
   # We're on Minitest 5+. Nothing to do here.
@@ -88,11 +83,11 @@ module Minitest
     end
 
     def with_error_mode(mode)
-      old_mode = Liquid::Template.error_mode
-      Liquid::Template.error_mode = mode
+      old_mode = Liquid::Environment.default.error_mode
+      Liquid::Environment.default.error_mode = mode
       yield
     ensure
-      Liquid::Template.error_mode = old_mode
+      Liquid::Environment.default.error_mode = old_mode
     end
 
     def with_custom_tag(tag_name, tag_class, &block)

test/unit/eager_optimize_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class EagerOptimizeTest < Minitest::Test
+  include Liquid
+
+  def test_remove_empty_blocks
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% for i in (1..1000000) %}
+      {% endfor %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: true)
+    assert_equal(0, total_node_count(template))
+  end
+
+  def test_remove_false_if_block
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% if false %}
+        {% if true %}
+          {% if true %}
+            {% if true %}
+              {{ "Hello world!" }}
+            {% endif %}
+          {% endif %}
+        {% endif %}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: true)
+    assert_equal(0, total_node_count(template))
+
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% if false %}
+        {% for i in (1..1000000) %}
+          {{ "Hello world!" }}
+        {% endfor %}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: true)
+    assert_equal(0, total_node_count(template))
+  end
+
+  def test_remove_multiple_false_if_block
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% if false %}
+        {% if true %}
+          {% if true %}
+            {% if true %}
+              {{ "Hello world!" }}
+            {% endif %}
+          {% endif %}
+        {% endif %}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    template = Liquid::Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: true)
+    assert_equal(0, total_node_count(template))
+  end
+
+  def test_merge_if_blocks
+    # for now, work with consecutive if blocks without any String nodes in between
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo == 2 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo == 3 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If], source, { "foo" => nil })
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If], source, { "foo" => 1 })
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If], source, { "foo" => 2 })
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If], source, { "foo" => 5 })
+
+    source = <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, '')
+      {% assign bar = "application" %}
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo == 2 and bar contains "app" %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if 3 == foo and bar == "application" %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::Assign, Liquid::If], source)
+  end
+
+  def test_does_not_merge_if_blocks
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if k == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if a == foo %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if foo >= 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+
+    assert_optimization([Liquid::If, Liquid::If], <<~LIQUID.gsub(/\n/, ''))
+      {% if foo == 1 %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+      {% if 1  %}
+        foo: {{ foo }}
+      {% endif %}
+    LIQUID
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def assert_optimization(expected, source, context = { "foo" => 1 })
+    template = Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: true)
+    assert_equal(expected, template.root.nodelist.map(&:class),)
+
+    baseline_template = Template.parse(source, eager_optimize: false)
+
+    assert_equal(
+      baseline_template.render(context),
+      template.render(context),
+    )
+  end
+
+  def total_node_count(template)
+    root = template.root
+    children = root.nodelist
+    count = 0
+
+    while children.any?
+      next_children = []
+
+      children.each do |node|
+        count += 1 unless node.is_a?(Liquid::BlockBody)
+        next_children.concat(node.nodelist) if node.respond_to?(:nodelist) && node.nodelist
+      end
+
+      children = next_children
+    end
+
+    count
+  end
+end

test/unit/environment_filter_test.rb

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 require 'test_helper'
 
-class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
+class EnvironmentFilterTest < Minitest::Test
   include Liquid
 
   module AccessScopeFilters
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
     private :private_filter
   end
 
-  StrainerFactory.add_global_filter(AccessScopeFilters)
-
   module LateAddedFilter
     def late_added_filter(_input)
       "filtered"
@@ -25,24 +23,28 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def setup
-    @context = Context.build
+    @environment = Liquid::Environment.build do |env|
+      env.register_filter(AccessScopeFilters)
+    end
+
+    @context = Context.build(environment: @environment)
   end
 
   def test_strainer
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_equal(5, strainer.invoke('size', 'input'))
     assert_equal("public", strainer.invoke("public_filter"))
   end
 
   def test_stainer_raises_argument_error
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_raises(Liquid::ArgumentError) do
       strainer.invoke("public_filter", 1)
     end
   end
 
   def test_stainer_argument_error_contains_backtrace
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
 
     exception = assert_raises(Liquid::ArgumentError) do
       strainer.invoke("public_filter", 1)
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_strainer_only_invokes_public_filter_methods
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_equal(false, strainer.class.invokable?('__test__'))
     assert_equal(false, strainer.class.invokable?('test'))
     assert_equal(false, strainer.class.invokable?('instance_eval'))
@@ -66,18 +68,18 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_strainer_returns_nil_if_no_filter_method_found
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_nil(strainer.invoke("private_filter"))
     assert_nil(strainer.invoke("undef_the_filter"))
   end
 
   def test_strainer_returns_first_argument_if_no_method_and_arguments_given
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_equal("password", strainer.invoke("undef_the_method", "password"))
   end
 
   def test_strainer_only_allows_methods_defined_in_filters
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context)
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context)
     assert_equal("1 + 1", strainer.invoke("instance_eval", "1 + 1"))
     assert_equal("puts",  strainer.invoke("__send__", "puts", "Hi Mom"))
     assert_equal("has_method?", strainer.invoke("invoke", "has_method?", "invoke"))
@@ -86,7 +88,9 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   def test_strainer_uses_a_class_cache_to_avoid_method_cache_invalidation
     a = Module.new
     b = Module.new
-    strainer = StrainerFactory.create(@context, [a, b])
+
+    strainer = @environment.create_strainer(@context, [a, b])
+
     assert_kind_of(StrainerTemplate, strainer)
     assert_kind_of(a, strainer)
     assert_kind_of(b, strainer)
@@ -94,8 +98,10 @@ class StrainerFactoryUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_add_global_filter_clears_cache
-    assert_equal('input', StrainerFactory.create(@context).invoke('late_added_filter', 'input'))
-    StrainerFactory.add_global_filter(LateAddedFilter)
-    assert_equal('filtered', StrainerFactory.create(nil).invoke('late_added_filter', 'input'))
+    assert_equal('input', @environment.create_strainer(@context).invoke('late_added_filter', 'input'))
+
+    @environment.register_filter(LateAddedFilter)
+
+    assert_equal('filtered', @environment.create_strainer(nil).invoke('late_added_filter', 'input'))
   end
 end

test/unit/strainer_template_unit_test.rb

@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ class StrainerTemplateUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_add_filter_raises_when_module_privately_overrides_registered_public_methods
-    strainer = Context.new.strainer
-
     error = assert_raises(Liquid::MethodOverrideError) do
-      strainer.class.add_filter(PrivateMethodOverrideFilter)
+      Liquid::Environment.build do |env|
+        env.register_filter(PublicMethodOverrideFilter)
+        env.register_filter(PrivateMethodOverrideFilter)
+      end
     end
+
     assert_equal('Liquid error: Filter overrides registered public methods as non public: public_filter', error.message)
   end
 
@@ -42,11 +44,13 @@ class StrainerTemplateUnitTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_add_filter_raises_when_module_overrides_registered_public_method_as_protected
-    strainer = Context.new.strainer
-
     error = assert_raises(Liquid::MethodOverrideError) do
-      strainer.class.add_filter(ProtectedMethodOverrideFilter)
+      Liquid::Environment.build do |env|
+        env.register_filter(PublicMethodOverrideFilter)
+        env.register_filter(ProtectedMethodOverrideFilter)
+      end
     end
+
     assert_equal('Liquid error: Filter overrides registered public methods as non public: public_filter', error.message)
   end
 

test/unit/template_unit_test.rb

@@ -20,50 +20,12 @@ class TemplateUnitTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_equal(fixture("en_locale.yml"), locale.path)
   end
 
-  def test_with_cache_classes_tags_returns_the_same_class
-    original_cache_setting = Liquid.cache_classes
-    Liquid.cache_classes   = true
-
-    original_klass = Class.new
-    Object.send(:const_set, :CustomTag, original_klass)
-    Template.register_tag('custom', CustomTag)
-
-    Object.send(:remove_const, :CustomTag)
-
-    new_klass = Class.new
-    Object.send(:const_set, :CustomTag, new_klass)
-
-    assert(Template.tags['custom'].equal?(original_klass))
-  ensure
-    Object.send(:remove_const, :CustomTag)
-    Liquid.cache_classes = original_cache_setting
-  end
-
-  def test_without_cache_classes_tags_reloads_the_class
-    original_cache_setting = Liquid.cache_classes
-    Liquid.cache_classes   = false
-
-    original_klass = Class.new
-    Object.send(:const_set, :CustomTag, original_klass)
-    with_custom_tag('custom', CustomTag) do
-      Object.send(:remove_const, :CustomTag)
-
-      new_klass = Class.new
-      Object.send(:const_set, :CustomTag, new_klass)
-
-      assert(Template.tags['custom'].equal?(new_klass))
-    end
-  ensure
-    Object.send(:remove_const, :CustomTag)
-    Liquid.cache_classes = original_cache_setting
-  end
-
   class FakeTag; end
 
   def test_tags_can_be_looped_over
     with_custom_tag('fake', FakeTag) do
       result = Template.tags.map { |name, klass| [name, klass] }
-      assert(result.include?(["fake", "TemplateUnitTest::FakeTag"]))
+      assert(result.include?(["fake", TemplateUnitTest::FakeTag]))
     end
   end