Files
voicebox/backend/backends/mlx_backend.py
T
Ron David Ben Ishayandcapy-ai-staging[bot] fa8db820d7 fix(mlx): address review feedback on the thread-affinity fix
Two real follow-on issues found by CodeRabbit on PR #989:

1. MLXTTSBackend.load_model_async called self.unload_model() directly
   on the event-loop thread before dispatching _load_model_sync to the
   MLX worker thread - model teardown ran on the wrong OS thread, same
   class of bug the PR itself fixes. Combined unload+load into one
   _reload_sync callable submitted as a single MLX-thread operation.

2. Public unload_model() (called synchronously from the /models/unload
   routes) also ran on the caller thread. Now submits to the MLX
   executor and blocks on the result, so teardown always happens on the
   worker thread regardless of caller. Same fix applied to
   MLXSTTBackend.

3. Both backends cache self.model on the instance, but generate()/
   transcribe() only locked their own internal load step - a
   concurrent request for a different model_size could swap self.model
   between one request's load and its inference (real race: routes/
   generations.py calls load_engine_model() and generate_chunked() as
   separate awaited steps with a gap between them). Added a per-backend
   asyncio.Lock held across the full load+inference sequence in both
   generate() and transcribe(). Note: this closes the race for callers
   using the backend's own public methods consistently; the wider
   route-level orchestration race (load_engine_model + generate_chunked
   as two separate calls) is a follow-up outside this file's scope.

Verified: same-size and cross-size-switch generations both complete
clean after the patch; /models/{name}/unload route returns 200 without
deadlocking the (still-responsive) server.
2026-10-04 00:01:47 +00:00

420 lines
16 KiB
Python

"""
MLX backend implementation for TTS and STT using mlx-audio.
"""
from typing import Optional, List, Tuple
import asyncio
import logging
import numpy as np
from pathlib import Path
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# MLX's Metal backend keeps a per-thread stream registry. Loading a model on
# one worker thread (via asyncio.to_thread, which round-robins across the
# default executor's pool) and then generating on a different worker thread
# raises "There is no Stream(gpu, N) in current thread." All MLX calls in
# this module must therefore run on the SAME OS thread for the process
# lifetime — route them through this single-worker executor instead of
# asyncio.to_thread's shared multi-worker pool.
_mlx_executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1, thread_name_prefix="mlx-worker")
def _run_on_mlx_thread(func, *args):
loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
return loop.run_in_executor(_mlx_executor, func, *args)
# PATCH: Import and apply offline patch BEFORE any huggingface_hub usage
# This prevents mlx_audio from making network requests when models are cached
from ..utils.hf_offline_patch import patch_huggingface_hub_offline, ensure_original_qwen_config_cached
patch_huggingface_hub_offline()
ensure_original_qwen_config_cached()
from . import TTSBackend, STTBackend, LANGUAGE_CODE_TO_NAME, WHISPER_HF_REPOS
from .base import is_model_cached, combine_voice_prompts as _combine_voice_prompts, model_load_progress
from ..utils.cache import get_cache_key, get_cached_voice_prompt, cache_voice_prompt
class MLXTTSBackend:
"""MLX-based TTS backend using mlx-audio."""
def __init__(self, model_size: str = "1.7B"):
self.model = None
self.model_size = model_size
self._current_model_size = None
# Guards the whole load-then-use sequence in generate()/create_voice_prompt()
# so a concurrent request for a different model_size can't swap self.model
# out from under an in-flight request between its load and its inference.
self._op_lock = asyncio.Lock()
def is_loaded(self) -> bool:
"""Check if model is loaded."""
return self.model is not None
def _get_model_path(self, model_size: str) -> str:
"""
Get the MLX model path.
Args:
model_size: Model size (1.7B or 0.6B)
Returns:
HuggingFace Hub model ID for MLX
"""
mlx_model_map = {
"1.7B": "mlx-community/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-1.7B-Base-bf16",
"0.6B": "mlx-community/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-0.6B-Base-bf16",
}
if model_size not in mlx_model_map:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown model size: {model_size}")
hf_model_id = mlx_model_map[model_size]
logger.info("Will download MLX model from HuggingFace Hub: %s", hf_model_id)
return hf_model_id
def _is_model_cached(self, model_size: str) -> bool:
return is_model_cached(
self._get_model_path(model_size),
weight_extensions=(".safetensors", ".bin", ".npz"),
)
async def load_model_async(self, model_size: Optional[str] = None):
"""
Lazy load the MLX TTS model.
Args:
model_size: Model size to load (1.7B or 0.6B)
"""
if model_size is None:
model_size = self.model_size
# If already loaded with correct size, return
if self.model is not None and self._current_model_size == model_size:
return
# Unload (if needed) and load as ONE callable on the MLX worker thread.
# Doing this as two separate _run_on_mlx_thread calls would run the
# unload on whichever thread issues the second call — usually still
# correct, but a caller-side await gap between them would let another
# coroutine slip a conflicting load in between. One callable removes
# the gap.
await _run_on_mlx_thread(self._reload_sync, model_size)
# Alias for compatibility
load_model = load_model_async
def _reload_sync(self, model_size: str):
"""Unload a mismatched model and load the requested one, in one MLX-thread op."""
if self.model is not None and self._current_model_size != model_size:
self._unload_model_sync()
self._load_model_sync(model_size)
def _load_model_sync(self, model_size: str):
"""Synchronous model loading."""
model_path = self._get_model_path(model_size)
model_name = f"qwen-tts-{model_size}"
is_cached = self._is_model_cached(model_size)
with model_load_progress(model_name, is_cached):
from mlx_audio.tts import load
logger.info("Loading MLX TTS model %s...", model_size)
self.model = load(model_path)
self._current_model_size = model_size
self.model_size = model_size
logger.info("MLX TTS model %s loaded successfully", model_size)
def unload_model(self):
"""Unload the model to free memory.
Safe to call from any thread (e.g. the FastAPI event loop, from the
/models/unload routes): the actual teardown is submitted to the MLX
worker thread and awaited synchronously here, so Metal resources are
always released on the same OS thread that created them. Do not call
this from within a callable already running ON the MLX worker thread
(e.g. from _reload_sync) — use _unload_model_sync directly there, or
this would deadlock the single-worker executor waiting on itself.
"""
if self.model is not None:
_mlx_executor.submit(self._unload_model_sync).result()
def _unload_model_sync(self):
if self.model is not None:
del self.model
self.model = None
self._current_model_size = None
logger.info("MLX TTS model unloaded")
async def create_voice_prompt(
self,
audio_path: str,
reference_text: str,
use_cache: bool = True,
) -> Tuple[dict, bool]:
"""
Create voice prompt from reference audio.
MLX backend stores voice prompt as a dict with audio path and text.
The actual voice prompt processing happens during generation.
Args:
audio_path: Path to reference audio file
reference_text: Transcript of reference audio
use_cache: Whether to use cached prompt if available
Returns:
Tuple of (voice_prompt_dict, was_cached)
"""
async with self._op_lock:
await self.load_model_async(None)
# Check cache if enabled
if use_cache:
cache_key = get_cache_key(audio_path, reference_text)
cached_prompt = get_cached_voice_prompt(cache_key)
if cached_prompt is not None:
# Return cached prompt (should be dict format)
if isinstance(cached_prompt, dict):
# Validate that the cached audio file still exists
cached_audio_path = cached_prompt.get("ref_audio") or cached_prompt.get("ref_audio_path")
if cached_audio_path and Path(cached_audio_path).exists():
return cached_prompt, True
else:
# Cached file no longer exists, invalidate cache
logger.warning("Cached audio file not found: %s, regenerating prompt", cached_audio_path)
# MLX voice prompt format - store audio path and text
# The model will process this during generation
voice_prompt_items = {
"ref_audio": str(audio_path),
"ref_text": reference_text,
}
# Cache if enabled
if use_cache:
cache_key = get_cache_key(audio_path, reference_text)
cache_voice_prompt(cache_key, voice_prompt_items)
return voice_prompt_items, False
async def combine_voice_prompts(self, audio_paths, reference_texts):
return await _combine_voice_prompts(audio_paths, reference_texts)
async def generate(
self,
text: str,
voice_prompt: dict,
language: str = "en",
seed: Optional[int] = None,
instruct: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, int]:
"""
Generate audio from text using voice prompt.
Args:
text: Text to synthesize
voice_prompt: Voice prompt dictionary with ref_audio and ref_text
language: Language code (en or zh) - may not be fully supported by MLX
seed: Random seed for reproducibility
instruct: Natural language instruction (may not be supported by MLX)
Returns:
Tuple of (audio_array, sample_rate)
"""
logger.info("Generating audio for text: %s", text)
def _generate_sync():
"""Run synchronous generation in thread pool."""
# MLX generate() returns a generator yielding GenerationResult objects
audio_chunks = []
sample_rate = 24000
lang = LANGUAGE_CODE_TO_NAME.get(language, "auto")
# Set seed if provided (MLX uses numpy random)
if seed is not None:
import mlx.core as mx
np.random.seed(seed)
mx.random.seed(seed)
# Extract voice prompt info
ref_audio = voice_prompt.get("ref_audio") or voice_prompt.get("ref_audio_path")
ref_text = voice_prompt.get("ref_text", "")
# Validate that the audio file exists
if ref_audio and not Path(ref_audio).exists():
logger.warning("Audio file not found: %s", ref_audio)
logger.warning("This may be due to a cached voice prompt referencing a deleted temp file.")
logger.warning("Regenerating without voice prompt.")
ref_audio = None
# Inference runs with the process's default HF_HUB_OFFLINE
# state. Forcing offline here (previously used to avoid lazy
# mlx_audio lookups hanging when the network drops mid-inference,
# issue #462) regressed online users because libraries make
# legitimate metadata calls during generation.
try:
if ref_audio:
# Check if generate accepts ref_audio parameter
import inspect
sig = inspect.signature(self.model.generate)
if "ref_audio" in sig.parameters:
# Generate with voice cloning
for result in self.model.generate(text, ref_audio=ref_audio, ref_text=ref_text, lang_code=lang):
audio_chunks.append(np.array(result.audio))
sample_rate = result.sample_rate
else:
# Fallback: generate without voice cloning
for result in self.model.generate(text, lang_code=lang):
audio_chunks.append(np.array(result.audio))
sample_rate = result.sample_rate
else:
# No voice prompt, generate normally
for result in self.model.generate(text, lang_code=lang):
audio_chunks.append(np.array(result.audio))
sample_rate = result.sample_rate
except Exception as e:
# If voice cloning fails, try without it
logger.warning("Voice cloning failed, generating without voice prompt: %s", e)
for result in self.model.generate(text, lang_code=lang):
audio_chunks.append(np.array(result.audio))
sample_rate = result.sample_rate
# Concatenate all chunks
if audio_chunks:
audio = np.concatenate([np.asarray(chunk, dtype=np.float32) for chunk in audio_chunks])
else:
# Fallback: empty audio
audio = np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
return audio, sample_rate
# Hold the op lock across load + inference so a concurrent request
# for a different model_size can't swap self.model in between (the
# model is read inside _generate_sync via closure, after this point).
async with self._op_lock:
await self.load_model_async(None)
audio, sample_rate = await _run_on_mlx_thread(_generate_sync)
return audio, sample_rate
class MLXSTTBackend:
"""MLX-based STT backend using mlx-audio Whisper."""
def __init__(self, model_size: str = "base"):
self.model = None
self.model_size = model_size
# See MLXTTSBackend._op_lock — same reason.
self._op_lock = asyncio.Lock()
def is_loaded(self) -> bool:
"""Check if model is loaded."""
return self.model is not None
def _is_model_cached(self, model_size: str) -> bool:
hf_repo = WHISPER_HF_REPOS.get(model_size, f"openai/whisper-{model_size}")
return is_model_cached(hf_repo, weight_extensions=(".safetensors", ".bin", ".npz"))
async def load_model_async(self, model_size: Optional[str] = None):
"""
Lazy load the MLX Whisper model.
Args:
model_size: Model size (tiny, base, small, medium, large)
"""
if model_size is None:
model_size = self.model_size
if self.model is not None and self.model_size == model_size:
return
# Run blocking load in thread pool
await _run_on_mlx_thread(self._load_model_sync, model_size)
# Alias for compatibility
load_model = load_model_async
def _load_model_sync(self, model_size: str):
"""Synchronous model loading."""
progress_model_name = f"whisper-{model_size}"
is_cached = self._is_model_cached(model_size)
with model_load_progress(progress_model_name, is_cached):
from mlx_audio.stt import load
model_name = WHISPER_HF_REPOS.get(model_size, f"openai/whisper-{model_size}")
logger.info("Loading MLX Whisper model %s...", model_size)
self.model = load(model_name)
self.model_size = model_size
logger.info("MLX Whisper model %s loaded successfully", model_size)
def unload_model(self):
"""Unload the model to free memory.
Safe to call from any thread — see MLXTTSBackend.unload_model for why.
"""
if self.model is not None:
_mlx_executor.submit(self._unload_model_sync).result()
def _unload_model_sync(self):
if self.model is not None:
del self.model
self.model = None
logger.info("MLX Whisper model unloaded")
async def transcribe(
self,
audio_path: str,
language: Optional[str] = None,
model_size: Optional[str] = None,
) -> str:
"""
Transcribe audio to text.
Args:
audio_path: Path to audio file
language: Optional language hint
model_size: Optional model size override
Returns:
Transcribed text
"""
def _transcribe_sync():
"""Run synchronous transcription in thread pool."""
# MLX Whisper transcription using generate method
# The generate method accepts audio path directly
decode_options = {}
if language:
decode_options["language"] = language
# Inference runs with the process's default HF_HUB_OFFLINE
# state — see the comment in MLXTTSBackend.generate for the
# regression this revert fixes (issue #462).
result = self.model.generate(str(audio_path), **decode_options)
# Extract text from result
if isinstance(result, str):
return result.strip()
elif isinstance(result, dict):
return result.get("text", "").strip()
elif hasattr(result, "text"):
return result.text.strip()
else:
return str(result).strip()
# Hold the op lock across load + inference so a concurrent request
# for a different model_size can't swap self.model in between.
async with self._op_lock:
await self.load_model_async(model_size)
return await _run_on_mlx_thread(_transcribe_sync)