diff --git a/signal-gateway/src/gateway/mod.rs b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/mod.rs
index 83c882f..5b15310 100644
--- a/signal-gateway/src/gateway/mod.rs
+++ b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/mod.rs
@@ -37,10 +37,13 @@ mod log_buffer;
 mod log_handler;
 use log_handler::{LogHandler, LogHandlerConfig};
 
+mod rate_limiter_set;
+pub use rate_limiter_set::{LimitResult, LimiterSet};
+
 mod route;
 pub use route::{Destination, Limit, Route};
 
-pub use crate::rate_limiter::{LimitResult, Limiter, LimiterSet, RateThreshold};
+pub use crate::rate_limiter::{Limiter, RateThreshold};
 
 /// Configuration for the gateway.
 #[derive(Conf, Debug)]
diff --git a/signal-gateway/src/gateway/rate_limiter_set.rs b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/rate_limiter_set.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81fe387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/rate_limiter_set.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//! Rate limiter set for managing per-route rate limiting.
+
+use crate::log_message::{LogMessage, Origin};
+use crate::rate_limiter::Limiter;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+/// Result of evaluating a limiter set.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum LimitResult {
+    /// The event passed all limits (not rate-limited).
+    Passed,
+    /// The event was blocked by a per-origin limiter at the given index.
+    Limiter(usize),
+    /// The event was blocked by a global limiter at the given index.
+    GlobalLimiter(usize),
+}
+
+/// A set of limiters for a route, containing both per-origin and global limiters.
+pub struct LimiterSet {
+    /// Factory to create limiters for new origins.
+    make_limiters: Box<dyn Fn() -> Vec<Limiter> + Send + Sync>,
+    /// Per-origin rate limiters, keyed by origin. Lazily created.
+    limiters: HashMap<Origin, Vec<Limiter>>,
+    /// Global rate limiters (shared across all origins).
+    global_limiters: Vec<Limiter>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for LimiterSet {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("LimiterSet")
+            .field("limiters", &self.limiters)
+            .field("global_limiters", &self.global_limiters)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl LimiterSet {
+    /// Create a new limiter set with factories for per-origin and global limiters.
+    pub fn new(
+        make_limiters: impl Fn() -> Vec<Limiter> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        global_limiters: Vec<Limiter>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            make_limiters: Box::new(make_limiters),
+            limiters: HashMap::new(),
+            global_limiters,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate whether an event should pass all rate limits.
+    ///
+    /// Returns [`LimitResult::Passed`] if the event passes all limits.
+    /// Returns [`LimitResult::Limiter(i)`] if blocked by per-origin limiter at index `i`.
+    /// Returns [`LimitResult::GlobalLimiter(i)`] if blocked by global limiter at index `i`.
+    pub fn evaluate(&mut self, log_msg: &LogMessage, origin: &Origin, ts_sec: i64) -> LimitResult {
+        // Get or create limiters for this origin
+        let origin_limiters = self
+            .limiters
+            .entry(origin.clone())
+            .or_insert_with(&self.make_limiters);
+
+        for (i, limiter) in origin_limiters.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            if !limiter.evaluate(log_msg, ts_sec) {
+                return LimitResult::Limiter(i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i, limiter) in self.global_limiters.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            if !limiter.evaluate(log_msg, ts_sec) {
+                return LimitResult::GlobalLimiter(i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        LimitResult::Passed
+    }
+}
diff --git a/signal-gateway/src/gateway/route.rs b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/route.rs
index be97b6c..d9c097d 100644
--- a/signal-gateway/src/gateway/route.rs
+++ b/signal-gateway/src/gateway/route.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 //! Routes define how log messages are processed based on filters, severity levels,
 //! and destination overrides.
 
+use super::rate_limiter_set::LimiterSet;
 use crate::log_message::{Level, LogFilter};
-use crate::rate_limiter::{Limiter, LimiterSet, RateThreshold};
+use crate::rate_limiter::{Limiter, RateThreshold};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 /// A rate limit rule for suppressing repeated alerts.
diff --git a/signal-gateway/src/rate_limiter.rs b/signal-gateway/src/rate_limiter.rs
index ef7d3b2..daa7141 100644
--- a/signal-gateway/src/rate_limiter.rs
+++ b/signal-gateway/src/rate_limiter.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Rate limiting for log alerts.
 
-use crate::log_message::{LogMessage, Origin};
+use crate::log_message::LogMessage;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::{
     collections::HashMap,
@@ -87,77 +87,6 @@ pub enum Limiter {
     SourceLocation(SourceLocationRateLimiter),
 }
 
-/// Result of evaluating a limiter set.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum LimitResult {
-    /// The event passed all limits (not rate-limited).
-    Passed,
-    /// The event was blocked by a per-origin limiter at the given index.
-    Limiter(usize),
-    /// The event was blocked by a global limiter at the given index.
-    GlobalLimiter(usize),
-}
-
-/// A set of limiters for a route, containing both per-origin and global limiters.
-pub struct LimiterSet {
-    /// Factory to create limiters for new origins.
-    make_limiters: Box<dyn Fn() -> Vec<Limiter> + Send + Sync>,
-    /// Per-origin rate limiters, keyed by origin. Lazily created.
-    limiters: HashMap<Origin, Vec<Limiter>>,
-    /// Global rate limiters (shared across all origins).
-    global_limiters: Vec<Limiter>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for LimiterSet {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("LimiterSet")
-            .field("limiters", &self.limiters)
-            .field("global_limiters", &self.global_limiters)
-            .finish_non_exhaustive()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LimiterSet {
-    /// Create a new limiter set with factories for per-origin and global limiters.
-    pub fn new(
-        make_limiters: impl Fn() -> Vec<Limiter> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-        global_limiters: Vec<Limiter>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            make_limiters: Box::new(make_limiters),
-            limiters: HashMap::new(),
-            global_limiters,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Evaluate whether an event should pass all rate limits.
-    ///
-    /// Returns [`LimitResult::Passed`] if the event passes all limits.
-    /// Returns [`LimitResult::Limiter(i)`] if blocked by per-origin limiter at index `i`.
-    /// Returns [`LimitResult::GlobalLimiter(i)`] if blocked by global limiter at index `i`.
-    pub fn evaluate(&mut self, log_msg: &LogMessage, origin: &Origin, ts_sec: i64) -> LimitResult {
-        // Get or create limiters for this origin
-        let origin_limiters = self
-            .limiters
-            .entry(origin.clone())
-            .or_insert_with(&self.make_limiters);
-
-        for (i, limiter) in origin_limiters.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            if !limiter.evaluate(log_msg, ts_sec) {
-                return LimitResult::Limiter(i);
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (i, limiter) in self.global_limiters.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            if !limiter.evaluate(log_msg, ts_sec) {
-                return LimitResult::GlobalLimiter(i);
-            }
-        }
-
-        LimitResult::Passed
-    }
-}
-
 impl Limiter {
     /// Evaluate whether an event should pass the rate limit.
     ///