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<h1 class="article-title" itemprop="name">同步和异步</h1>
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<a target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://github.com/harttle/liquidjs/edit/master/docs/source/zh-cn/tutorials/sync-and-async.md" class="article-edit-link" title="改进这篇文档"><i class="icon-pencil"></i></a>
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<p>LiquidJS 支持同步调用也支持异步调用，支持 Promise。为了同异步复用一套标签和过滤器，LiquidJS 标签用生成器来实现。</p>
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<h2 id="同异步-API" class="article-heading"><a href="#同异步-API" class="headerlink" title="同异步 API"></a>同异步 API<a class="article-anchor" href="#同异步-API" aria-hidden="true"></a></h2><p><a href="/api/classes/Liquid.html">Liquid</a> 上主要的方法都支持同步和异步，下面这些方法返回 <code>Promise</code>：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>render()</code></li>
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<li><code>renderFile()</code></li>
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<li><code>parseFile()</code></li>
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<li><code>parseAndRender()</code></li>
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<li><code>evalValue()</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>它们的同步版本带一个 <code>Sync</code> 后缀：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>renderSync()</code></li>
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<li><code>renderFileSync()</code></li>
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<li><code>parseFileSync()</code></li>
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<li><code>parseAndRenderSync()</code></li>
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<li><code>evalValueSync()</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="如何实现兼容同步的标签" class="article-heading"><a href="#如何实现兼容同步的标签" class="headerlink" title="如何实现兼容同步的标签"></a>如何实现兼容同步的标签<a class="article-anchor" href="#如何实现兼容同步的标签" aria-hidden="true"></a></h2><p>LiquidJS 使用基于生成器的异步实现，来让同一份代码支持同步和异步调用。例如下面的 <code>UpperTag</code> 既可以用于 <code>engine.renderSync()</code> 也可以用于 <code>engine.render()</code>：</p>
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<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tag<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Liquid <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'liquidjs'</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Usage: {% upper "alice" %}</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Output: ALICE</span>
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engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'upper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UpperTag</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Tag</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">private</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> Value
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<span class="token function">constructor</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token operator">:</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token operator">:</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token operator">:</span> Liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">.</span>args<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">render</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token operator">:</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> emitter<span class="token operator">:</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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emitter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpperCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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<p>所有内置标签都兼容同步，可以安全地用于同步或异步 API。实现同时支持同异步的标签，需要：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>render 函数声明成 <code>* render()</code>，并且在里面</li>
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<li>不能直接 <code>return <Promise></code>，</li>
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<li>不能调用会返回 Promise 的函数。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="调用返回-Promise-的函数" class="article-heading"><a href="#调用返回-Promise-的函数" class="headerlink" title="调用返回 Promise 的函数"></a>调用返回 Promise 的函数<a class="article-anchor" href="#调用返回-Promise-的函数" aria-hidden="true"></a></h2><p>但 LiquidJS 是支持 <code>Promise</code> 的，你仍然可以调用返回 <code>Promise</code> 的方法并等它 resolve。只需要把 <code>await</code> 换成 <code>yield</code>。例如：</p>
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<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">render</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token operator">:</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> emitter<span class="token operator">:</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> file <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">yield</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>file<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'utf8'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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emitter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpperCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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<p>现在 <code>* render()</code> 调用了一个返回 Promise 的 API，它就不再兼容同步了。不兼容同步的标签也仍然是合法标签，在异步 API 下也会正常运行。被同步调用时，返回 <code>Promise</code> 的标签会被渲染成 <code>[object Promise]</code>。</p>
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<h2 id="把-LiquidJS-生成器转换成-Promise" class="article-heading"><a href="#把-LiquidJS-生成器转换成-Promise" class="headerlink" title="把 LiquidJS 生成器转换成 Promise"></a>把 LiquidJS 生成器转换成 Promise<a class="article-anchor" href="#把-LiquidJS-生成器转换成-Promise" aria-hidden="true"></a></h2><p>有些 LiquidJS API 会返回 <code>Promise</code>，有些会返回生成器。你可以用 <a href="/api/functions/toPromise.html">toPromise</a> 来把生成器转换为 <code>Promise</code>，比如：</p>
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<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tag<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Liquid<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toPromise <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'liquidjs'</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Usage: {% upper "alice" %}</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Output: ALICE</span>
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engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'upper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UpperTag</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Tag</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">private</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> Value
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<span class="token function">constructor</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token operator">:</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token operator">:</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token operator">:</span> Liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">.</span>args<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token function">render</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token operator">:</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> emitter<span class="token operator">:</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">const</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">toPromise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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emitter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpperCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="纯异步标签" class="article-heading"><a href="#纯异步标签" class="headerlink" title="纯异步标签"></a>纯异步标签<a class="article-anchor" href="#纯异步标签" aria-hidden="true"></a></h2><p>如果你的标签就不打算支持同步，可以干脆实现成 <code>async render()</code>，这样就可以使用更熟悉的 <code>await</code> 了：</p>
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<pre class="line-numbers language-typescript" data-language="typescript"><code class="language-typescript"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> toPromise<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tag<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Liquid <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'liquidjs'</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Usage: {% upper "alice" %}</span>
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<span class="token comment">// Output: ALICE</span>
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engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">registerTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'upper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UpperTag</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Tag</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">private</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> Value
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<span class="token function">constructor</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token operator">:</span> TagToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token operator">:</span> TopLevelToken<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token operator">:</span> Liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> remainTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">.</span>args<span class="token punctuation">,</span> liquid<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token function">render</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token operator">:</span> Context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> emitter<span class="token operator">:</span> Emitter<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
<span class="token keyword">const</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">toPromise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
emitter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string"><h1></span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>title<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"></h1></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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