diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 0e23c1cbf..06bb6cb94 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: '20'
+          node-version: 'latest'
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm ci
       - name: Build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index af777f01c..bb79c5ae5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: '22'
+          node-version: 'latest'
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm ci
       - name: Test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yml b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
index b1d09df01..decaf2873 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: '20'
+          node-version: 'latest'
       - name: Build
         run: |
           npm ci
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index 23b031950..5c9f7ecc2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: '20'
+          node-version: 'latest'
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm ci
       - name: Lint
diff --git a/.github/workflows/performance.yml b/.github/workflows/performance.yml
index aeee66c7e..2c7bbb34d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/performance.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/performance.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: '20'
+          node-version: 'latest'
       - name: Download artifacts
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index eaf5f7613..242bf0181 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -7,20 +7,10 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
         timezone: [Etc/GMT, Asia/Shanghai, America/New_York]
-        node-version: [22]
+        node-version: [latest]
         include:
-          - os: macos-latest
-            timezone: America/New_York
-            node-versoin: 22
           - os: ubuntu-latest
-            timezone: Etc/GMT
-            node-version: 20
-          - os: ubuntu-latest
-            timezone: Asia/Shanghai
-            node-version: 18
-          - os: ubuntu-latest
-            timezone: Asia/Shanghai
-            node-version: 16
+            node-version: lts/*
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -39,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
           name: dist-${{ matrix.os }}
           path: dist
       - name: Run Test
-        run: TZ=${{ matrix.timezone }} npm test
+        run: TZ=${{ matrix.timezone || 'Etc/GMT' }} npm test
       - name: Archive npm failure logs
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: failure()
@@ -57,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: latest
       - name: Download artifacts
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index c9f33eabd..3a1411e4c 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
         "typescript": "^4.5.3"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=16"
+        "node": ">=20"
       },
       "funding": {
         "type": "opencollective",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 2a4358709..b5d52b5be 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
   },
   "types": "dist/index.d.ts",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=16"
+    "node": ">=20"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "lint": "eslint \"**/*.mjs\" \"**/*.ts\" .",
diff --git a/rollup.config.mjs b/rollup.config.mjs
index ca7261f10..1aacef3ea 100644
--- a/rollup.config.mjs
+++ b/rollup.config.mjs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ const nodeEsm = {
   plugins: [
     versionInjection,
     replace(esmRequire),
-    typescript(tsconfig('es6'))
+    typescript(tsconfig('ES2020'))
   ],
   treeshake,
   input
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ const browserEsm = {
     replace(browserBase64),
     replace(browserCrypto),
     replace(browserStream),
-    typescript(tsconfig('es6'))
+    typescript(tsconfig('ES2020'))
   ],
   treeshake,
   input
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ const browserUmd = {
     replace(browserBase64),
     replace(browserCrypto),
     replace(browserStream),
-    typescript(tsconfig('es5'))
+    typescript(tsconfig('ES2020'))
   ],
   treeshake,
   input
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ const browserMin = {
     replace(browserBase64),
     replace(browserCrypto),
     replace(browserStream),
-    typescript(tsconfig('es5')),
+    typescript(tsconfig('ES2020')),
     uglify()
   ],
   treeshake,
diff --git a/src/build/base64-impl-browser.spec.ts b/src/build/base64-impl-browser.spec.ts
index 6078d0c3b..499ef37b4 100644
--- a/src/build/base64-impl-browser.spec.ts
+++ b/src/build/base64-impl-browser.spec.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@ import * as base64 from './base64-impl-browser'
 import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom'
 
 describe('base64-impl/browser', function () {
-  if (+(process.version.match(/^v(\d+)/) as RegExpMatchArray)[1] < 8) {
-    console.info('jsdom not supported, skipping base64-impl-browser...')
-    return
-  }
-
   beforeEach(function () {
     const dom = new JSDOM(``, {
       url: 'https://example.com/',
diff --git a/src/build/fs-impl-browser.spec.ts b/src/build/fs-impl-browser.spec.ts
index 374b502f9..4ebe1fc99 100644
--- a/src/build/fs-impl-browser.spec.ts
+++ b/src/build/fs-impl-browser.spec.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@ import * as sinon from 'sinon'
 import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom'
 
 describe('fs/browser', function () {
-  if (+(process.version.match(/^v(\d+)/) as RegExpMatchArray)[1] < 8) {
-    console.info('jsdom not supported, skipping template-browser...')
-    return
-  }
   beforeEach(function () {
     const dom = new JSDOM(``, {
       url: 'https://example.com/foo/bar/',
diff --git a/src/filters/array.ts b/src/filters/array.ts
index 57a7d802d..bf16b5951 100644
--- a/src/filters/array.ts
+++ b/src/filters/array.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export function * sort_natural<T> (this: FilterImpl, arr: T[], property?: string
   return yield * sortBy.call(this, arr, property, caseInsensitiveCompare)
 }
 
-export const size = (v: string | any[]) => (v && v.length) || 0
+export const size = (v: string | any[]) => v?.length || 0
 
 export function * map (this: FilterImpl, arr: Scope[], property: string): IterableIterator<unknown> {
   const results = []
diff --git a/src/liquid-options.ts b/src/liquid-options.ts
index 7ab1cbe2d..bd7a83497 100644
--- a/src/liquid-options.ts
+++ b/src/liquid-options.ts
@@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ export const defaultOptions: NormalizedFullOptions = {
 }
 
 export function normalize (options: LiquidOptions): NormalizedFullOptions {
-  if (options.hasOwnProperty('root')) {
-    if (!options.hasOwnProperty('partials')) options.partials = options.root
-    if (!options.hasOwnProperty('layouts')) options.layouts = options.root
+  if ('root' in options) {
+    if (!('partials' in options)) options.partials = options.root
+    if (!('layouts' in options)) options.layouts = options.root
   }
-  if (options.hasOwnProperty('cache')) {
+  if ('cache' in options) {
     let cache: LiquidCache | undefined
     if (typeof options.cache === 'number') cache = options.cache > 0 ? new LRU(options.cache) : undefined
     else if (typeof options.cache === 'object') cache = options.cache
diff --git a/src/util/underscore.ts b/src/util/underscore.ts
index c60a93ebb..4ee8d14b0 100644
--- a/src/util/underscore.ts
+++ b/src/util/underscore.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import { Drop } from '../drop/drop'
 
 export const toString = Object.prototype.toString
+export const hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty
 const toLowerCase = String.prototype.toLowerCase
 
-export const hasOwnProperty = Object.hasOwnProperty
-
 export function isString (value: any): value is string {
   return typeof value === 'string'
 }
@@ -90,8 +89,7 @@ export function isUndefined (value: any): boolean {
 }
 
 export function isArray (value: any): value is any[] {
-  // be compatible with IE 8
-  return toString.call(value) === '[object Array]'
+  return Array.isArray(value)
 }
 
 export function isArrayLike (value: any): value is any[] {
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index 0646fbcfe..d8718c62c 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 {
   "compilerOptions": {
-    "target": "es6",
-    "module":"CommonJS",
-    "lib": ["es2015", "es2016", "es2017", "dom"],
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "module":"ES2020",
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "dom"],
+    "moduleResolution": "node",
     "sourceMap": true,
     "outDir": "dist",
     "declaration": true,