diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cf8fcd34..877fdf69 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -73,3 +73,34 @@ This is useful for doing things like enabling strict mode only in the theme edit
 
 It is recommended that you enable `:strict` or `:warn` mode on new apps to stop invalid templates from being created.
 It is also recommended that you use it in the template editors of existing apps to give editors better error messages.
+
+### Undefined variables and filters
+
+By default, the renderer doesn't raise or in any other way notify you if some variables or filters are missing, i.e. not passed to the `render` method.
+You can improve this situation by passing `strict_variables: true` and/or `strict_filters: true` options to the `render` method.
+When one of these options is set to true, all errors about undefined variables and undefined filters will be stored in `errors` array of a `Liquid::Template` instance.
+Here are some examples:
+
+```ruby
+template = Liquid::Template.parse("{{x}} {{y}} {{z.a}} {{z.b}}")
+template.render({ 'x' => 1, 'z' => { 'a' => 2 } }, { strict_variables: true })
+#=> '1  2 ' # when a variable is undefined, it's rendered as nil
+template.errors
+#=> [#<Liquid::UndefinedVariable: Liquid error: undefined variable y>, #<Liquid::UndefinedVariable: Liquid error: undefined variable b>]
+```
+
+```ruby
+template = Liquid::Template.parse("{{x | filter1 | upcase}}")
+template.render({ 'x' => 'foo' }, { strict_filters: true })
+#=> '' # when at least one filter in the filter chain is undefined, a whole expression is rendered as nil
+template.errors
+#=> [#<Liquid::UndefinedFilter: Liquid error: undefined filter filter1>]
+```
+
+If you want to raise on a first exception instead of pushing all of them in `errors`, you can use `render!` method:
+
+```ruby
+template = Liquid::Template.parse("{{x}} {{y}}")
+template.render!({ 'x' => 1}, { strict_variables: true })
+#=> Liquid::UndefinedVariable: Liquid error: undefined variable y
+```
diff --git a/lib/liquid/block_body.rb b/lib/liquid/block_body.rb
index 60b28b53..c3753478 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/block_body.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/block_body.rb
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ module Liquid
           end
         rescue MemoryError => e
           raise e
+        rescue UndefinedVariable, UndefinedDropMethod, UndefinedFilter => e
+          context.handle_error(e, token.line_number)
+          output << nil
         rescue ::StandardError => e
           output << context.handle_error(e, token.line_number)
         end
diff --git a/lib/liquid/context.rb b/lib/liquid/context.rb
index 225eec54..bab5008d 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/context.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/context.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module Liquid
   #   context['bob']  #=> nil  class Context
   class Context
     attr_reader :scopes, :errors, :registers, :environments, :resource_limits
-    attr_accessor :exception_handler, :template_name, :partial, :global_filter
+    attr_accessor :exception_handler, :template_name, :partial, :global_filter, :strict_variables, :strict_filters
 
     def initialize(environments = {}, outer_scope = {}, registers = {}, rethrow_errors = false, resource_limits = nil)
       @environments     = [environments].flatten
@@ -207,6 +207,8 @@ module Liquid
     def lookup_and_evaluate(obj, key)
       if (value = obj[key]).is_a?(Proc) && obj.respond_to?(:[]=)
         obj[key] = (value.arity == 0) ? value.call : value.call(self)
+      elsif strict_variables && obj.respond_to?(:key?) && !obj.key?(key)
+        raise Liquid::UndefinedVariable, "undefined variable #{key}"
       else
         value
       end
diff --git a/lib/liquid/drop.rb b/lib/liquid/drop.rb
index 08145327..57a17e0b 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/drop.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/drop.rb
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ module Liquid
     attr_writer :context
 
     # Catch all for the method
-    def liquid_method_missing(_method)
-      nil
+    def liquid_method_missing(method)
+      return nil unless @context.strict_variables
+      raise Liquid::UndefinedDropMethod, "undefined method #{method}"
     end
 
     # called by liquid to invoke a drop
diff --git a/lib/liquid/errors.rb b/lib/liquid/errors.rb
index 9ee3a662..762828cc 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/errors.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/errors.rb
@@ -56,4 +56,7 @@ module Liquid
   MemoryError = Class.new(Error)
   ZeroDivisionError = Class.new(Error)
   FloatDomainError = Class.new(Error)
+  UndefinedVariable = Class.new(Error)
+  UndefinedDropMethod = Class.new(Error)
+  UndefinedFilter = Class.new(Error)
 end
diff --git a/lib/liquid/strainer.rb b/lib/liquid/strainer.rb
index a902825d..c79a5863 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/strainer.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/strainer.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module Liquid
     end
 
     def self.add_filter(filter)
-      raise ArgumentError, "Expected module but got: #{f.class}" unless filter.is_a?(Module)
+      raise ArgumentError, "Expected module but got: #{filter.class}" unless filter.is_a?(Module)
       unless self.class.include?(filter)
         send(:include, filter)
         @filter_methods.merge(filter.public_instance_methods.map(&:to_s))
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ module Liquid
     def invoke(method, *args)
       if self.class.invokable?(method)
         send(method, *args)
+      elsif @context && @context.strict_filters
+        raise Liquid::UndefinedFilter, "undefined filter #{method}"
       else
         args.first
       end
diff --git a/lib/liquid/template.rb b/lib/liquid/template.rb
index b875e0b3..130d17d5 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/template.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/template.rb
@@ -181,12 +181,7 @@ module Liquid
 
         registers.merge!(options[:registers]) if options[:registers].is_a?(Hash)
 
-        context.add_filters(options[:filters]) if options[:filters]
-
-        context.global_filter = options[:global_filter] if options[:global_filter]
-
-        context.exception_handler = options[:exception_handler] if options[:exception_handler]
-
+        apply_options_to_context(context, options)
       when Module, Array
         context.add_filters(args.pop)
       end
@@ -235,5 +230,13 @@ module Liquid
         yield
       end
     end
+
+    def apply_options_to_context(context, options)
+      context.add_filters(options[:filters]) if options[:filters]
+      context.global_filter = options[:global_filter] if options[:global_filter]
+      context.exception_handler = options[:exception_handler] if options[:exception_handler]
+      context.strict_variables = options[:strict_variables] if options[:strict_variables]
+      context.strict_filters = options[:strict_filters] if options[:strict_filters]
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/liquid/variable_lookup.rb b/lib/liquid/variable_lookup.rb
index 62d753a0..3ed4e4a4 100644
--- a/lib/liquid/variable_lookup.rb
+++ b/lib/liquid/variable_lookup.rb
@@ -55,9 +55,11 @@ module Liquid
           object = object.send(key).to_liquid
 
           # No key was present with the desired value and it wasn't one of the directly supported
-          # keywords either. The only thing we got left is to return nil
+          # keywords either. The only thing we got left is to return nil or
+          # raise an exception if `strict_variables` option is set to true
         else
-          return nil
+          return nil unless context.strict_variables
+          raise Liquid::UndefinedVariable, "undefined variable #{key}"
         end
 
         # If we are dealing with a drop here we have to
diff --git a/test/integration/template_test.rb b/test/integration/template_test.rb
index c1e2ef3c..aea86690 100644
--- a/test/integration/template_test.rb
+++ b/test/integration/template_test.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ class ErroneousDrop < Liquid::Drop
   end
 end
 
+class DropWithUndefinedMethod < Liquid::Drop
+  def foo
+    'foo'
+  end
+end
+
 class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
   include Liquid
 
@@ -225,4 +231,68 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
 
     assert_equal 'BOB filtered', rendered_template
   end
+
+  def test_undefined_variables
+    t = Template.parse("{{x}} {{y}} {{z.a}} {{z.b}} {{z.c.d}}")
+    result = t.render({ 'x' => 33, 'z' => { 'a' => 32, 'c' => { 'e' => 31 } } }, { strict_variables: true })
+
+    assert_equal '33  32  ', result
+    assert_equal 3, t.errors.count
+    assert_instance_of Liquid::UndefinedVariable, t.errors[0]
+    assert_equal 'Liquid error: undefined variable y', t.errors[0].message
+    assert_instance_of Liquid::UndefinedVariable, t.errors[1]
+    assert_equal 'Liquid error: undefined variable b', t.errors[1].message
+    assert_instance_of Liquid::UndefinedVariable, t.errors[2]
+    assert_equal 'Liquid error: undefined variable d', t.errors[2].message
+  end
+
+  def test_undefined_variables_raise
+    t = Template.parse("{{x}} {{y}} {{z.a}} {{z.b}} {{z.c.d}}")
+
+    assert_raises UndefinedVariable do
+      t.render!({ 'x' => 33, 'z' => { 'a' => 32, 'c' => { 'e' => 31 } } }, { strict_variables: true })
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_undefined_drop_methods
+    d = DropWithUndefinedMethod.new
+    t = Template.new.parse('{{ foo }} {{ woot }}')
+    result = t.render(d, { strict_variables: true })
+
+    assert_equal 'foo ', result
+    assert_equal 1, t.errors.count
+    assert_instance_of Liquid::UndefinedDropMethod, t.errors[0]
+  end
+
+  def test_undefined_drop_methods_raise
+    d = DropWithUndefinedMethod.new
+    t = Template.new.parse('{{ foo }} {{ woot }}')
+
+    assert_raises UndefinedDropMethod do
+      t.render!(d, { strict_variables: true })
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_undefined_filters
+    t = Template.parse("{{a}} {{x | upcase | somefilter1 | somefilter2 | somefilter3}}")
+    filters = Module.new do
+      def somefilter3(v)
+        "-#{v}-"
+      end
+    end
+    result = t.render({ 'a' => 123, 'x' => 'foo' }, { filters: [filters], strict_filters: true })
+
+    assert_equal '123 ', result
+    assert_equal 1, t.errors.count
+    assert_instance_of Liquid::UndefinedFilter, t.errors[0]
+    assert_equal 'Liquid error: undefined filter somefilter1', t.errors[0].message
+  end
+
+  def test_undefined_filters_raise
+    t = Template.parse("{{x | somefilter1 | upcase | somefilter2}}")
+
+    assert_raises UndefinedFilter do
+      t.render!({ 'x' => 'foo' }, { strict_filters: true })
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/test/unit/strainer_unit_test.rb b/test/unit/strainer_unit_test.rb
index 2048a393..d06d30a5 100644
--- a/test/unit/strainer_unit_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/strainer_unit_test.rb
@@ -77,4 +77,14 @@ class StrainerUnitTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_kind_of b, strainer
     assert_kind_of Liquid::StandardFilters, strainer
   end
+
+  def test_add_filter_when_wrong_filter_class
+    c = Context.new
+    s = c.strainer
+    wrong_filter = ->(v) { v.reverse }
+
+    assert_raises ArgumentError do
+      s.class.add_filter(wrong_filter)
+    end
+  end
 end # StrainerTest