Speed up the lexer for Ruby 3.4+ (#1832)

* Speed up lexing

* Bump msrv to 3.0 (from 2.7)

* Normalize test for ruby-head compat

* Fix bug when parsing negative numbers

test/integration/standard_filter_test.rb

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TestDrop < Liquid::Drop
   attr_reader :value
 
   def registers
-    { @value => @context.registers[@value] }
+    "{#{@value.inspect}=>#{@context.registers[@value].inspect}}"
   end
 end